Child Labour In India: A Stigma On The Face Of Society

When there is no confidence in the future of a child in a nation, then surely that nation also has no future. As in Indian society children have always been the subjects of discussion due to less vocal or country’s past or socio–cultural background. Speculation among children is the outlay in the future of a nation, which forms ideas. Childhood is important because their personality is formed in the process of socialization. The origin of child labour lies in a multidimensional complex process of self–sustaining socio–economic retardation. “Child labour” is defined as the employment of children in any physical work. Whether or not work done by children is defined as child labour depends on the child’s age, hours and type of work, and working conditions. But many millions of children work in abusive and unequal conditions that are clearly dangerous to them. India is no exception. According to the report, India ranks among the top countries where the percentage of labour force making up “child labour” is very high. Like others, India too, from its inception as an independent nation, has enacted laws to reform and eliminate all forms of child labour, but the ground reality is still very depressing in nature. Child labour in India is addressed by the Child Labour Act 1986 and the National Child Labour Project. Today there are more than 11.24 million children in India who are spending their childhood in learning, carpet–weaving, beedi–rolling, family labour, agriculture and countless other occupations instead of going to school. Finally, as planning and strategies identify, the research paper identifies policies and attempts have been made to actually address and determine the problem as needed

Impact of Public Opinion on India’s Criminal Justice System

In this research paper, the meaning and definition of public opinion are discussed and how it affects the entire criminal justice system of India. Various factors are discussed which give a detailed idea of how public opinion influences police investigations and then court decisions. This research paper has also discussed the role of media in molding public opinion. There is a need to reorganize the criminal justice system so as to inspire public confidence by treating all fairly and providing a systematically high standard of service to victims and witnesses, and to provide more justice through a modern and efficient justice system in compliance with the rule of law. The criminal justice system should focus more on actual evidence and witnesses and less on public opinion when delivering justice. Only by ensuring equal justice for everyone, we can assure peace for all

Towards building a prototype spin-logic device

Since the late 1980s, several key discoveries, such as Giant and Tunneling Magne- toresistance, and advances in magnetic materials have paved the way for exponentially higher bit-densities in magnetic storage. In particular, the discovery of Spin-Transfer Torque (STT) has allowed information to be written to individual magnets using spin-currents. This has replaced the more traditional Oersted-field control used in field-MRAMs and allowed further scaling of magnetic-memories. A less obvious con- sequence of STT is that it has made possible a logic-technology based on magnets controlled by spin-polarized currents. Charge-coupled Spin Logic (CSL) is one such device proposal that couples a giant spin Hall effect(GSHE) write-unit with a Mag- netic Tunnel Junction read-unit. Several theoretical reports have demonstrated that a CSL-style device can function as a fundamental building block for neuromorphic computing by harnessing the intrinsic properties of magnets. This thesis describes the working of a CSL device. Experimental progress towards building the individual components of CSL and also our efforts to integrate these components into a CSL prototype will be presented. In addition to the integration effort, this work also explores spin-injection from a GSHE metal to a nanoscale magnet through an intermediate non-magnetic metal. Our results indicate that with the right choice of intermediate layers, the spin-angular mo- mentum absorbed by the magnet can be increased without engineering the intrinsic spin Hall angle of the GSHE metal. Finally, this work also proposes a Schottky-barrier model to describe the current flow through low-dimensional semiconductors and uses it to extract the band gap of black-phosphorus thin-films in an attempt to characterize novel 2D-materials

Generalized Zero-Shot Learning via Synthesized Examples

We present a generative framework for generalized zero-shot learning where the training and test classes are not necessarily disjoint. Built upon a variational autoencoder based architecture, consisting of a probabilistic encoder and a probabilistic conditional decoder, our model can generate novel exemplars from seen/unseen classes, given their respective class attributes. These exemplars can subsequently be used to train any off-the-shelf classification model. One of the key aspects of our encoder-decoder architecture is a feedback-driven mechanism in which a discriminator (a multivariate regressor) learns to map the generated exemplars to the corresponding class attribute vectors, leading to an improved generator. Our model's ability to generate and leverage examples from unseen classes to train the classification model naturally helps to mitigate the bias towards predicting seen classes in generalized zero-shot learning settings. Through a comprehensive set of experiments, we show that our model outperforms several state-of-the-art methods, on several benchmark datasets, for both standard as well as generalized zero-shot learning.Comment: Accepted in CVPR'1